This article is cross-posted at Lawfare. On March 6, the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) published a draft Policy on cyber-enabled crimes, which…

Introduction The African Union Peace and Security Council (PSC) has adopted in late January 2024 its much-anticipated and first-ever Common African Position on the Application…

In June 2017, the Danish shipping giant Maersk faced a monumental crisis that highlighted both the fragility of modern digital infrastructure and the centrality of information technology to…

Since 2013, States have repeatedly reaffirmed in multilateral institutions that the principle of sovereignty applies in cyberspace, and in particular that “in their use of ICTs, States must…

In recent years, States have begun to discuss and assess whether and when they may cooperate in the taking of countermeasures. The question has arisen most prominently in…

Introduction  In the last few years, the term ‘collective countermeasures’ has at times been used to refer to two conceptually distinct claims. It has continued to…

A growing number of States have published statements examining the application of international law to cyberspace (for an overview see the Cyber Law Toolkit). On 29 January…

On July 6th, Ireland released its Position Paper on the Application of International Law in Cyberspace. Coming on the heels of the 2021 UN Group…

The prohibition of intervention, requiring States to refrain from coercively interfering in the internal or external affairs of other States, is widely recognized as a cardinal rule of…

With humanitarian organizations becoming more active in and reliant upon new technologies and the digital domain, they have evolved from simple bystanders to full-fledged stakeholders…