The unprecedented effects of COVID-19 have encouraged cooperation and commitment among different States to fight the pandemic and combat its socio-economic impacts. For example, on April 2, the UN General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution calling for ‘intensified international cooperation to contain, mitigate and defeat the pandemic’, while the G20 had earlier…

Since 2019, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has been perceived as a viable instrument for stopping ongoing genocides after the UN political organs have failed to take effective actions to that effect. Thus, under Article IX of the Genocide Convention (1948), South Africa took Israel to the ICJ alleging genocide against the Palestinians in Gaza after Israel’s…

Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the United States, Europe and other allies imposed sanctions on Russia for violating the prohibition against the use of force, a peremptory norm owed to the international community as a whole. While the ability of these sanctions per se to put a swift end to Russia’s invasion has been doubted (see…