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EU Court of Justice finds Malta ‘golden passports’ scheme incompatible with EU law

In an interesting and important decision of the Court of Justice of the EU, sitting as a Grand Chamber in Commission v Malta (Citizenship by Investment) [2024] EUECJ C-181/23, the Court has found that Malta’s 2020 ‘investor citizenship’ scheme is incompatible with EU law, in particular with the principle of sincere cooperation enshrined in article 4(3) of the Treaty on European Union (‘TEU’) by which ‘the Union and the Member States shall, in full mutual respect, assist each other in carrying out tasks which flow from the Treaties’, and citizenship of the Union at Article 20 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (‘TFEU’).

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The Luxembourg Court’s post-COVID jurisprudence on procedural rights – a new layer of obligations for Finland during future crises?

Within the legal context of the European Union, the group of so-called due process – or procedural – rights are safeguarded by Title VI (‘Justice’) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFREU). These provisions capture the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial (Article 47), the presumption of innocence and right…

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Is the European Court of Justice (ECJ) ruling on granting asylum to Afghan women an implication of qualification of gender apartheid in Afghanistan?

Introduction From a feminist perspective, international law has frequently failed to adequately address gender issues, primarily due to the challenges posed by a male-centric discourse reflected in its organizational and normative structure. This limitation is particularly evident in refugee law, where gender-based persecution has long struggled to gain recognition as a ground on its…

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Beyond Individual Persecution: European Court’s Constitutionalism in Afghan Women’s Asylum Case

On 4th October, the Third Chamber of the European Court of Justice in AH & FN v. Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum held that ‘gender’ and ‘nationality’ alone are sufficient grounds for a country to grant asylum to Afghan women. The ECJ also classified the discriminatory policies imposed by the Taliban regime against Afghan women as…

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Kosovo is a Country, and a Country Means a State, Rules the Court of Justice of the European Union

In September 2020, the General Court of the European Union (GCEU) examined whether the 2019 admission of Kosovo as a ‘third country’ to the EU Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) amounted to recognition by the EU of Kosovo as an independent State. The case was brought by Spain, a non-recogniser of Kosovo,…

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