Caroline Foster

About/Bio

Caroline E. Foster is a Professor of International Law with the Faculty of Law at Waipapa Taumata Rau, the University of Auckland, New Zealand. Professor Foster teaches and researches in international law, international dispute settlement and international environmental law. She is the author of Science and the Precautionary Principle in International Courts and Tribunals: Expert Evidence, Burden of Proof and Finality, and co-editor with Professor Christina Voigt of International Courts versus Non-Compliance Mechanisms: Comparative Advantages in Strengthening Treaty Implementation, both published with Cambridge University Press, as well as author of Global Regulatory Standards in Environmental and Health Disputes: Due Regard, Due Diligence and Regulatory Coherence with Oxford University Press. Caroline serves with various national and international editorial committees and is the Director of the New Zealand for Environmental Law (NZCEL). Previously she worked for approximately ten years at the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Caroline has recently assisted the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with its submissions in respect of the ITLOS and the ICJ Advisory Opinions on Climate Change.

Recently Published

Compliance and Accountability Mechanisms in the 2024 Revisions to the WHO International Health Regulations (2005)

Since the COVID-19 virus first emerged in China in late 2019 there have been many high-level reviews of how the world could better have tackled this devastating episode, including the report of the Independent Panel on Pandemic Preparedness and Response (IPPR) report “Make it the Last Pandemic” co-chaired by Helen Clark and Ellen…

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Justified Border Closures do not violate the International Health Regulations 2005

Rapidly developing pandemics require governments to use their best endeavours to protect their populations.  International law permits them to do this provided they observe certain conditions, but limits on the reach of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR) have previously been insufficiently appreciated. In mid-February 2020 The Lancet published a piece by…

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The Tension between International Law as ‘Law’ and International Governance: A Comment on the EJIL Debate between Mónica García-Salmones and Andrew Lang and Rosie Cooney

Dr Caroline Foster is a Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Auckland, New Zealand and was a diplomat and legal adviser at the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. She has a special interest in the nexus between trade, human rights and the environment and she has…

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